In Ireland, the legal position of Non EEA parents of
EU citizens and their right to reside/work/access welfare is still quite
unclear following the Court of Justice judgments in Ibrahim, Teixeira and Chen. No guidelines have
been published, nor statutory amendments made to the European Communities (Free Movement of
Persons Regulations) (No 2) 2006 (as amended).
In the UK however the position has been recently clarified, and it is
of helpful assistance for us to review these changes in the UK domestic law.
In
the UK, the directive is transposed into the Immigration (European Economic
Area) Regulations 2006, as amended by SI 2009/1117 and amended by SI 2011/1247.Under Regulation 15A,
a person who is not entitled to reside in the UK as a result of any other
provision of the but who, nevertheless, satisfies the criteria in the
sub-paragraph of Article 15A of the Amendment Regulation is entitled to a
derivative right to reside in the UK for as long as he/she satisfies the
relevant criteria.
CHEN CASES
Following the Chen case the UK Border Agency published
guidelines for the treatment of the primary carer of an EEA national child who
is exercising free movement rights in the UK, and the dependent of such a
primary carer. In Chen, it was held that by virtue of the terms of Directive
2004/38/EC (“the Directive”) a child will have an right of residence in a member
state where that child:
(a) Is
an EEA national,
(b) Holds
sufficient resources to prevent them (and their primary carer) becoming a
burden on the social assistance system of the host member state, and
(c) Holds comprehensive sickness
insurance.
The guidelines also direct that such a
child is entitled to be accompanied by his or her primary carer, and therefore
that the primary carer of such a child will have a right of residence in the
host member state until the child’s eighteenth birthday where to refuse such a
right would prevent the child from continuing to reside in the UK. Dependents
of primary careers who have a derivative right of residence on this basis also
derive a right of residence in the UK where requiring those dependents to leave
the UK would have the effect of preventing the primary carer from residing in
the UK. This right of residence is not a
Free Movement right but is a „derivative right‟. This means that the
recognition of this right by the UK is not equal to rights under the Directive
Primary
carers with a right to reside on the Chen
basis are, since 16th July 2012,
able to work in the United Kingdom regardless of whether or not documentation
has been issued to them by UKBA in that capacity.
In
order to establish a derivative right to reside the primary carer must also
show that the child upon whom they are claiming a derivative right would be
unable to continue to reside in the UK should the primary carer be forced to
leave. It is considered that any child under the age of 18 would normally
require the presence and care of the primary carer (where no other carer is
available) in order to continue to reside in the UK.
IBRAHIM AND
TEIXEIRA CASES
The UK Border agency also published guidelines
implementing the Judgments in Ibrahim
and Teixeira.
In
the cases of Ibrahim and Teixeira, the ECJ ruled that, by virtue
of Article 10 of Regulation 492/2011 (i) the children of an EU citizen who
works or has worked in the host Member State (who are in education in that
State), and (ii) the primary carer of those children, can claim a right of
residence in that State. UKBA has also decided that dependent children of such
primary carers should also qualify for a right of residence where failure to
give such a right would have the effect of preventing that primary carer from
residing in the UK.
Children
of EEA nationals may qualify for a right of residence under regulation 15A (3) where they meet the
conditions set out in that regulation. The conditions for a right to reside
under 15A (3) are that the child:
(a) Is the child of an EEA
national (“the EEA national parent”)
(b) resided in the UK at a time
when the EEA national parent was residing in the UK as a worker, and
(c)
is in education in the UK and was in education there at a time when the EEA
national parent was in the UK.
A
child of an EEA national who has worked in the UK, and who was in the UK while
that child was in education in the UK, will therefore be entitled to a right of
residence to allow them to complete their education should the EEA national
either leave the UK, or no longer have a right to reside under the Regulations.
It
is not necessary for the EEA national parent to have been a worker at a time when
the child was in education in order for the child to benefit from this
provision. The child must only have been residing in the UK at a time when the
EEA national was a worker, and must have been in education at a time when the
EEA national was present in the UK.
A person who meets the definition of primary
carer as set out in regulation 15A(7) may apply for a derivative residence card
confirming a right of residence under regulation
15A(4) where they meet the conditions set out in that regulation. The
conditions for a right to reside under 15A(4) are that:
a) The applicant is the primary
carer of a person who meets the criteria set out in category (A) above; and
b)
The child would be unable to continue to be educated in the UK if the primary
carer were required to leave.
Although
UK legislation is silent about whether these categories of individuals can work,
it is widely recognized now that they can, as there are no restrictions
provided for in the Regulations on those who fall within them from working.
Previous legislation covering Chen parents (paragraph 257C of the
Immigration Rules) prohibited them from working.
However
the UK Border Guidelines stipulate as follows;
“A person who has a derivative right of residence
under new regulation 15A is not subject to any restriction on taking employment
in the UK. Possession of a derivative residence card evidences the fact that
the holder had a derivative right at the time at which the card was issued, but
only confers a right to work for as long as the holder continues to enjoy the
underlying right to reside.”
Brophy Solicitors
12.12.12
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Hi we are NON EEA parents of 4 year Irish child residing in Northern Ireland under UK visa. Can we travel to ROI with out visa. What rights we have. Please clarify. thanks Venkata
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